下载oracle Client

下载

oracle-instantclient19.8-basic-19.8.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

oracle-instantclient19.8-sqlplus-19.8.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

oracle-instantclient19.5-devel-19.5.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

18.3版本以后不用建软链接，已经存在。

 sudo apt-get install alien
# rpm 转 deb
 sudo alien oracle-instantclient19.8-basic-19.8.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien oracle-instantclient19.8-sqlplus-19.8.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien oracle-instantclient19.5-devel-19.5.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

# 安装
sudo dpkg  -i oracle-instantclient19.8-basic_19.8.0.0.0-2_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i oracle-instantclient19.8-sqlplus_19.8.0.0.0-2_amd64.deb
 sudo dpkg -i oracle-instantclient19.5-devel_19.5.0.0.0-2_amd64.deb

配置环境

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

# oracle path
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.8/client64
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
# 下面两行是解决编码问题，如果不设置下面两行，从oracle导出中文数据会出现乱码
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8

source  ~/.bashrc

# 存在就不用建立
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/19.8/client64/lib/network/admin

bug — libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file

1	sudo apt-get install libaio-dev

填写tnsnames.ora文件

oracle数据库网络配置文件，通过这个配置文件才能建立对数据库的连接。

/usr/lib/oracle/19.8/client64/lib/network/admin(该路径默认放 tnsnames.ora, sqlnet.ora and oraaccess.xml)下新建tnsnames.ora文件，内容如下：

#该文件用于配置数据库连接地址

#数据库访问地址别名,直接用该名字来指定连接
ORCL=
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
#通讯协议，主机(在本机则为127.0.0.1或localhost)，端口(oracle数据库服务端口号)
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
#数据库实例名称
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
)
#可以配置多个数据库地址
#platform-test=
#(DESCRIPTION =
#    (ADDRESS_LIST =
#      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.19)(PORT = 1521))
#    )
#    (CONNECT_DATA =
#      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
#    )
#)

并修改权限:

1	sudo chmod a+w *.ora

测试

进人sqlplus不能使用上下键查看历史命令，安装rlwrap解决

1
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3

$ sudo apt-get install rlwrap
#在~/.bashrc中添加别名
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

# 不以任何用户登录，启动sqlplus, 但不连接数据库
sqlplus /nolog
# 然后输入账号密码
conn / as sysdba
# sqlplus sys/password as sysdba

# or(本机使用oracale,默认账号密码)
sqlplus scott/tiger@ORCL
# or
sqlplus scott/tiger@127.0.0.1:1521/orcl