论文小知识

a.k.a.(又被称为)

also known as的缩写,引出另一种对该物的表述。

例句1:The proposed DUQ is based on sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq, a.k.a. Encoder-Decoder).

In part because you have the convenience to select specific keywords, write specific ads and direct the click-through to a specific web page (a.k.a. landing page).

最好把a.k.a连同它的解释一块放在括号中.

e.g.(用于举例)

exampli gratia(”for example; for instance;such as”: 举例如)的缩写,其目的用若干例子来让前面说法更具体,更易感知。

例句1: Buy some vegetables, e.g., carrots.

使用中,不仅e后的“.”常常被漏掉(如写成eg.

为了方便记忆,你可把”e.g.” 与 “example given” 联想起来。

最好把e.g.连同它的例子放在括号中,如

例句2:I like quiet activities (e.g., reading)

etc.(“等等”)

et cetera(“and so forth; and the others; and other things; and the rest; and so on”:等等)的缩写。它放在列表的最后,表示前面的例子还没列举完,最后加个词“等等”。

例句3: I need to go to the store and buy some pie, milk, cheese, etc.

etc.前面要有逗号。

不要在e.g.的列表最后用etc( 在including后的列表后也不宜使用etc),这是因为 e.g. 表示泛泛的举几个例子,并没有囊括所有的实例,其中就已经有“等等”的含义了,如果再加一个 etc. 就多余了,例如这是错的: Writing instructors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice (e.g., organization, clear expression, logical thinking, etc.)

et al.(“等人”)

这是et alia(”and others; and co-workers”:等它人)的缩写。它几乎都是在列文献作者时使用,即把主要作者列出后,其它作者全放在et al. 里面。

例句4: These results agree with the ones published by Pelon et al. (2002).

人的场合用et al,而无生命的场合用etc.(et cetera)。

et后不要加“.”,因为et不是缩写。另外,与etc.不同,et al.的前面不要逗号。

i.e.(“换句话说”)

这是id est(“that is” , “in other words”:也就是)的缩写。目的是用来进一步解释前面所说的观点(不是像e.g.那样引入实例来形象化),意思是“那就是说,换句话说”。你可把”i.e.” 与 “in essence” 联想起来。

例句5:In 2005, American had the lowest personal saving rate since 1933. In fact it was outright negavetive—i.e., consumers spent more money that they made.

例句6:There are three meals in the day (i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner)

使用中,i.e.的第一个”.”也常常被错误地漏掉了。它后面紧跟着一个逗号,再跟一个解释。

如同e.g., i.e.也最好放入括号中,如同例句6那样。

比较下面两个例句。

例句7:I like to eat boardwalk food, i.e., funnel cake and french fries.

例句8:I like to eat boardwalk food, e.g., funnel cake and french fries.

例句7表示只有 funnel cake and french fries这两样boardwalk食物,我喜欢。例句8表示我喜欢boardwalk食物,比如 funnel cake and french fries;其实snow cones and corn dogs等其他类型,我也喜欢。

viz.(”即“ 列项)

这是videlicet( “namely”, “towit”, “precisely”, “that is to say”:即)的缩写,与e.g.不同,viz位于同位列表之前,要把它前面单词所包含的项目全部列出。

例句9:“Each symbol represents one of the four elements, viz. earth, air, fire, and water.”(每个符号代表如下四个元素之一,即: 地球,空气,火焰和水)。

例句10: The noble gases, viz. helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton and radon, show a non-expected behaviour when exposed to this new element.

注意 viz.后面无逗号。

信息来源

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-510768-1112873.html

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本文标题:论文小知识

文章作者:Pabebe

发布时间:2019年10月20日 - 20:30:04

最后更新:2020年06月16日 - 18:24:34

原始链接:https://pabebezz.github.io/article/eeee6404/

许可协议: 署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

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